全球农业一周资讯 - XXXVI
全球农业一周资讯
1. 巴基斯坦拨款2010亿卢比采购180万吨小麦
由于小麦播种量低于目标,巴基斯坦内阁经济协调委员会通过巴基斯坦农业储存和服务公司拨款2010亿卢比(约合人民币50亿元)采购180万吨小麦,以弥补短缺。预计该公司在4月1日小麦收获季前将向市场供应64万吨,剩余133万吨小麦的结转库存。
2. 加拿大联邦政府与卑诗省签订新伙伴协议,为农民、牧场东主与加工商提供支援
3月15日,加拿大联邦政府与卑诗省政府签署新协议,该省农民及食品加工商将于未来五年内获得更多粮食安全 (即食物持续供应的保障) 支援,政府将会利用《加拿大可持续农业伙伴关係》所提供的逾1.4亿元,用于推动农业策略性项目,由市场需求带动的商业风险管理计划将可为农民提供 3.3 亿元的资助。
3. 泰米尔纳德邦公布有机农业政策,重点促进无化学物质农业
为了保护土壤健康、农业生态和生物多样性,印度泰米尔纳德邦政府推出了“无化学有机农业”政策,从而为人民提供安全的食物;将鼓励混合农业,鼓励种植小米、豆类和蔬菜等营养作物,推动农民生产组织降低购买无机肥料和农药的投入成本。
4. 我国科学家揭示水稻地上部高本底水平水杨酸合成及其调节水稻气孔开度的机制
日本国立农业和食品研究组织联合山东省农业科学院作物研究所等多家单位首次图位克隆了显性抗WYMV基因、验证了其功能并解析了其进化来源。该基因可在源头上发挥抗病作用,并在发病麦区提高产量20%-50%,具有重要的应用价值。
5. 日本研究人员鉴定水稻苗腐病抗性基因RBG1
日本研究人员检测到一个对颖壳伯克霍尔德氏菌的抗性基因RBG1。该基因编码MAPKK激酶,可磷酸化OsMKK3。研究表明,RBG1res通过一种独特的机制在种子萌发阶段对这些细菌病原体产生抗性,RBG1res可成为作物抗性遗传改良的潜在候选基因。
6. 印度研究人员利用基因编辑技术培育高抗草甘膦水稻
印度科学家通过CRISPR-Cas9定点编辑水稻的OsEPSPS基因,实现EPSPS蛋白的氨基酸替换,获得高抗草甘膦的基因编辑水稻。该研究显示,GATIPS突变在提高水稻对草甘膦的抗性、增加芳香氨基酸含量和提高籽粒产量方面具有很大的作用,为使用基因编辑方法培育抗草甘膦水稻提供了可行方案。
7. 我国研究人员发现Ghd2-CO3分子模块延迟水稻抽穗
华中农业大学联合湖北洪山实验室研究揭示了CCT家族蛋白Ghd2通过直接调控下游基因CO3的表达,在长短日照条件下延迟水稻抽穗的分子机理。研究结果表示,Ghd2可通过识别不同靶基因来行使调控抽穗期和抗旱性的功能。
8. 澳大利亚研究人员揭示光敏色素介导的对种子萌发的抑制作用
澳大利亚研究人员研究发现了一个koy-1突变体,该突变体萌发对光不敏感,是HEME OXYGENASE 1的启动子上发生了一段缺失。研究结果揭示了光敏色素介导的光信号转导在不同物种间对种子萌发调控的差异机制。
9. 中国商务部回应有关黑海粮食运输协议问题:中方支持有关各方就此继续保持沟通
近年来,受新冠疫情、极端天气、地缘冲突等多重因素影响,全球粮食安全面临巨大冲击,非洲粮食安全形势更趋严峻。中方始终秉持人类命运共同体理念,在支持企业开展对非粮食贸易合作的同时,还积极向有需要的非洲国家提供紧急粮食援助,并通过派遣专家分享经验、扩大农业投资、开展农产品加工及农机具制造合作等多种方式,支持非洲国家提升粮食自给能力。
10. 联合国世界粮食计划署:饥饿威胁着叙利亚一半人口
根据联合国世界粮食计划署的数据,叙利亚超过50%的人口(1210万人)目前遭遇粮食不足,另有290万人面临饥饿风险。12年的冲突和最近发生的毁灭性地震后果一起导致粮食短缺。基本食品价格在一年内上涨了一倍,比三年前上涨了12倍。
11. 俄罗斯常驻联合国代表给出 60 天后延长粮食协议的条件
根据俄罗斯常驻联合国代表瓦西里•涅边贾给联合国副秘书长马丁•格里菲思和联合国贸易和发展会议秘书长丽贝卡•格林斯潘的信函,莫斯科只有在俄罗斯部分的执行取得切实进展的情况下才会考虑在 60 天后延长粮食协议的可能性。
12. 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家准备好展示其渔业和水产养殖部门的真正潜力
由联合国粮食及农业组织(粮农组织)实施的一项重要渔业和水产养殖发展计划展示了科特迪瓦、塞内加尔、坦桑尼亚、圭亚那和马绍尔群岛渔业和水产养殖业拥有巨大发展潜力,可以帮助这些国家提高自给水平、创造就业并保护鱼类种群水平。
13. 绿色气候基金批准总额1.453亿美元的新项目,支持玻利维亚、柬埔寨和菲律宾开展气候行动
联合国粮食及农业组织(粮农组织)欢迎绿色气候基金批准拨付1.453亿美元资金,用于在玻利维亚、柬埔寨和菲律宾开展三个新项目。这三个项目由粮农组织支持实施,重点在于促进这三个国家的小农户、农村社区和价值链其他主体适应气候变化,增强气候韧性。日益频繁的天气和气候事件对这三个国家的农业生产和农村生计构成了严重威胁。
Weekly News of Global Agriculture
1. Pakistan allocated Rs201bn to purchase 1.8 million tons of wheat
With lower-than-targeted wheat sowing, the Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) of the Cabinet on Wednesday allocated Rs201 billion procurement of 1.8 million tonnes of wheat through Pakistan Agricultural Storage and Services Corporation (Passco) to bridge the shortages. It is expected that the company will supply 640000 tons of wheat to the market before the wheat harvest season on April 1, leaving a carry-over inventory of 1.33 million tons of wheat.
2. Farmers, ranchers, processors supported by new Canada-B.C. partnership
B.C. farmers and food processors will receive increased food security support over the next five years through a new agreement between the governments of Canada and British Columbia. Through Sustainable CAP, more than $140 million will be invested in strategic initiatives, a 25% increase over the previous funding agreement. Demand-driven, business-risk management programs are estimated to provide $330 million in support to farmers over the lifespan of Sustainable CAP.
3. Tamil Nadu unveils organic farming policy with focus on promoting chemical-free agriculture
Aimed at conserving soil health, agro-ecology and biodiversity, the Tamil Nadu government has rolled out the organic farming policy towards ‘chemical-free organic agriculture’ in the state, thereby providing safe food for the people. Organic farming would encourage mixed farming as the components are interdependent. Nutritional crops like millets, pulses and vegetables will be encouraged to ensure nutritional security. Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) would be promoted to reduce the input cost towards purchase of inorganic fertilisers and pesticides, it said.
4. Wheat Ym2 is oriented from Aegilops sharonensis and confers resistance to soil-borne Wheat yellow mosaic virus infection to the roots
A joint study reports the isolation of the resistance gene Ym2 using a positional cloning approach, supported by transgenic complementation. A sequence analysis suggests that Ym2 was inherited not from Aegilops speltoides, but rather from the more distant relative Aegilops sharonensis. It has provided novel information as to how the Ym2 region arose during the course of the evolution of cultivated wheat.
5. AMAPKKK gene from rice, RBG1res, confers resistance to Burkholderia glumae through negative regulation of ABA
Japanese researchers detected a gene, Resistance to Burkholderia glumae 1 (RBG1),and found that RBG1 encodes a MAPKKK gene whose product phosphorylates OsMKK3. The findings suggest that RBG1res contributes to resistance to these bacterial pathogens at the seed germination stage via a unique mechanism.
6. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homology donor repair base editing confers glyphosate resistance to rice (Oryza sativaL.)
Indian researchers describe the development of glyphosate-resistant rice lines through CRISPR-Cas9–based genome editing. The results highlighted that the efficacy of GATIPS mutations in OsEPSPS has tremendously contributed in glyphosate resistance, enhanced aromatic amino acids, and improved grain yields in rice. These results ensure a novel strategy for weed management without yield penalties, with a higher probability of commercial release.
7. The CCT transcriptional activator Ghd2 constantly delays the heading date by upregulating CO3 in rice
Chinese researchers found that Ghd2 activates CO3 expression by binding to the CO3 promoter through its CCT domain. The results suggest that Ghd2 directly binds to the downstream gene CO3, and the Ghd2-CO3 module constantly delays heading date via the Ehd1 mediated pathway.
8. Phytochromes mediate germination inhibition under red, far-red, and white light in Aethionema arabicum
Australian researchers screened a mutant collection of A. arabicum and identified koy-1, the gene for a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the phytochrome chromophore. Comparison of hormone and gene expression indicated a dual role of phytochromes in light-regulated seed germination.
9. China's Ministry of Commerce responds to the issue of the Black Sea Grain Transport Agreement: China supports the parties concerned to continue to maintain communication on this matter
In response to the issue of the Black Sea Food Transport Agreement at a regular press conference on March 16, Shu Jueting, a spokesman for the Ministry of Commerce of China, said that China supports the parties concerned to continue to maintain communication on this issue and strive to find solutions that meet their concerns.
10. UN World Food Program: Hunger Threatens Half of Syria's Population
According to data from the United Nations World Food Programme, more than 50% of the population (12.1 million people) in Syria are currently experiencing food shortages, and another 2.9 million people are at risk of hunger.The effects of 12 years of conflict and the recent devastating earthquake have led to food shortages. The price of basic food has doubled in one year, 12 times higher than three years ago.
11. The Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations gave the conditions for extending the food agreement in 60 days
According to the letter from the Permanent Representative of Russia to the United Nations, Vasili Nebinja, to the Under Secretary General of the United Nations, Martin Griffith, and the Secretary General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Rebecca Greenspan, Moscow will only consider the possibility of extending the food agreement in 60 days if tangible progress is made in the implementation of the Russian part.
12. African, Caribbean and Pacific countries ready to show the true potential of their fisheries and aquaculture sectors
A key fisheries and aquaculture development programme implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has highlighted significant potential to boost these sectors in Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, Tanzania, Guyana and the Marshall Islands, making them more self-sufficient, creating jobs and preserving biological stock levels.
13. Green Climate Fund approves new projects worth $145.3 million for climate action in Bolivia, Cambodia and The Philippines
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has welcomed the Green Climate Fund’s (GCF) decision to approve funding for three new projects in Bolivia, Cambodia and the Philippines, valued at $145.3 million.