全球农业一周资讯 - XXXIII

1. 阿根廷将增加用于禽流感疫情防控的财政预算

2月21日，为了避免当前禽流感扩散至规模养殖场，进而对产品出口造成巨大冲击，阿根廷经济部宣布，将增加用于禽流感疫情防控的财政预算，同时对养殖户予以补偿。据相关数据显示，阿禽类产品每年出口额约为3.5亿美元。

2. 巴西因疯牛病暂定牛肉输华

2月22日，巴西农业部发布声明，确认发现1例“疯牛病”病例，并已报告世界动物卫生组织；根据官方卫生协议，自2月23日起，暂停对中国的出口。但巴西方面正在加强与中国当局的对话，以展示所有信息并迅速重建两国牛肉贸易。

3. 印度成立专门委员会监测炎热干燥的天气对小麦收成的影响

2月22日，据印度金融快报，尽管印度主要冬季作物播种面积创下新高，但目前印部分地区的日间高温可能会对即将进入温度敏感生长期的小麦作物造成不利影响，该预测引发了印对小麦库存状况的担忧，为此，印农业部成立了一个专门委员会，负责监测炎热干燥的天气条件对小麦收成的影响。

4. 伊朗将向中国出口乳制品

2月22日，伊朗农业部长贾瓦德对外表示，根据此前中伊双方达成25年协议第一阶段计划，伊朗将历史上首次向中国提供乳制品，这将为双方开启合作创造良好开局，伊朗预期在未来两年内向中国出口20亿美元的乳制品。

5. 捷克研究人员揭示一种全新的可在不相关物种中实现终止密码子重置的分子机制

捷克研究人员对一种新发现的锥虫中UGA重置为色氨酸的分子机制进行研究，发现真核生物中一种通用的终止密码子重置特征，即联合tRNATrp反密码子臂的缩短及eRF1中的特定位点改变。

6. 我国研究团队解析氮素与离子平衡的分子机制，为改善玉米品质提供理论基础

中国农科院作物科学研究所研究团队发现在高氮条件下，玉米根系P、Ca、Mg、Zn、B和地上部Ca的浓度显著升高，进一步发现氮素能够通过miR528-LAC3调控玉米根系凯氏带的形成，进而影响玉米体内离子的平衡。研究结果为玉米产量和品质的改良提供了一条新途径。

7. 我国研究人员研究揭示蛋白翻译调控植物免疫新机制

武汉大学高等研究院、杂交水稻全国重点实验室、洪山实验室合作研究揭示了翻译调控植物免疫新机制。研究发现在植物ETI免疫中，HEM1团聚体的形成有效抑制了免疫基因的过度翻译，从而在tissue health与resistance之间进行权衡，以防止植物免疫过度激活引起的组织损伤。

8. 印度研究团队建立一种检测非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）的新型灵敏等温扩增技术

印度研究团队首次采用跨越式滚环等温扩增（SRCA）技术建立了一种快速、简便、灵敏的非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）核酸检测技术。该技术可提高实验室现场诊断能力，尤其是在疫情暴发期间。SRCA可能比其他复杂分子技术更适合ASFV诊断。

9. 中国将与白俄罗斯加强农业技术合作

中国农业农村部副部长马有祥在京会见来访的白俄罗斯农业和食品部部长伊戈尔·布雷洛一行。双方高度评价两国农业领域合作成果，将加强农业技术合作。中白农业具有较强互补性，建议双方下一步围绕粮食安全、乡村建设、土壤健康等共同关注领域开展政策交流，加强畜禽养殖、农机装备、食品加工等技术合作，不断提升农产品贸易和投资水平，为两国农业农村发展提供更多支持。

10. 朝鲜召开劳动党八届七中全会，讨论农业问题

朝鲜劳动党第八届中央委员会第七次全体会议扩大会议在中央委员会总部举行，由朝鲜领导人金正恩主持，就农业问题进行讨论。全会分析总结《新时代农村革命纲领》实施首年——2022年的落实情况，讨论决定了当前面临的重要任务和现阶段国家经济发展方面的紧迫任务，以及解决相关问题的实践方法。

11. 美国和欧盟，大型农场数量逐步减少

美国及欧盟主要农业国家的农业部长们表示，尽管美国和欧盟之间存在分歧，但它们有一个共同的经验——农场数量急剧下降。农业部门的转型在欧洲比在美国更为迅速，导致生产大部分粮食的大型农场数量相对较少，而许多小型农场的农作物和牲畜收入有限。

12. 随着种植窗口关闭，巴西的潮湿状况持续

对阿根廷主要大豆产区来说，未来一周将更加干燥。干旱正在影响阿根廷的大豆供应，随着几周没有大量降雨，情况变得严峻。对南美洲部分地区的干旱负有主要责任的拉尼娜周期正在出现衰退迹象。而降雨继续对巴西部分地区有利，这些地区将完成大豆收获并种植第二轮玉米。

     13. 澳大利亚允许进口和分销转基因菊花

澳大利亚基因技术监管局（OGTR）已向International Flower Developments Pty授权商业进口和分销转基因菊花（GM），用于改变花色。转基因菊花被授权在澳大利亚各地销售，但不会在澳大利亚种植或用于商业人类食品和动物饲料。

1. Argentina will increase its budget for the prevention and control of avian influenza

On February 21, in order to avoid the current spread of avian influenza to large-scale farms, which would have a huge impact on export, the Argentine Ministry of Economy announced that it would increase the financial budget for the prevention and control of avian influenza epidemic and compensate the farmers at the same time. According to relevant data, the annual export value of Argentine poultry products is about 350 million US dollars.

2. Brazil temporarily suspendedbeef exports to China due to mad cow disease

On February 22, the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (Mapa) issued a statement confirming that one case of "mad cow disease" was found and has been reported to the World Organization for Animal Health; According to the official sanitary protocol, the export to China will be suspended from February 23. However, Brazil is strengthening its dialogue with the Chinese authorities to display all information and quickly rebuild the beef trade between the two countries.

3. India sets up panel to monitor impact of heat wave on wheat crop

On February 21, according to the Indian Financial Express, although the planting area of India's main winter crops hit a new high, the current high daytime temperature in some parts of India may have adverse effects on the wheat crops that are about to enter the temperature-sensitive growth period. This prediction triggered India's concern about the wheat stock situation. For this reason, the Indian Ministry of Agriculture established a special committee to monitor the impact of hot and dry weather conditions on the wheat harvest.

4. Iran will export dairy products to China

On February 24, Iran's Minister of Agriculture Javad Sadatinejad said that according to the first phase of the 25-year agreement reached between China and Iran, Iran would provide dairy products to China for the first time in history, which would create a good start for the cooperation between the two sides. Iran expects to earn some $2 billion from exports of dairy products to China in the next two years.

5. Short tRNA anticodon stem and mutant eRF1 allow stop codon reassignment

Czech researchers analyzed a previously undescribed trypanosomatid, Blastocrithidia nonstop, and found that in this species in-frame stop codons are underrepresented in genes expressed at high levels and that UAA serves as the only termination codon. This study described a previously unknown, universal mechanism that has been exploited in unrelated eukaryotes with reassigned stop codons.

6. Nitrogen supply affects ion homeostasis by modifying root Casparian strip formation through the miR528-LAC3 module in maize

Chinese researchers reported that N supply affects ion homeostasis of maize. It showed that N luxury significantly delayed Casparian strip (CS) formation in maize roots. N luxury induced the expression of ZmmiR528 in whole root and root tips The results indicate that ZmmiR528 affects CS formation of maize by regulating the expression of ZmLAC3 and modification of CS formation has the potential to improve maize quality.

7. Plant HEM1 specifies a condensation domain to control immune gene translation

Chinese researchers identified Arabidopsis HEM1 as a global translational regulator of plant immunity. The study reveal that the hem1 mutant increases the translation efficiency of pro-death immune genes. The results suggest that HEM1 condensation constitutes a brake mechanism of immune activation by controlling the tissue health and disease resistance trade-off during ETI.

8. Novel sensitive isothermal-based diagnostic technique for the detection of African swine fever virus

Indian researchers developed a rapid, simple, and sensitive diagnostic technique for the detection of ASFV nucleic acid. The saltatory rolling-circle amplification (SRCA) technique was used for the first time to detect ASFV. The results indicate that the SRCA assay is a simple yet sensitive method for the detection of ASFV that may improve the diagnostic capacity of field laboratories, especially during outbreaks.

9. China will strengthen agricultural technical cooperation with Belarus

Mr. Ma Youxiang, Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, met with Igor Brello, Minister of Agriculture and Food of Belarus and his delegation in Beijing. Both sides spoke highly of the achievements of bilateral agricultural cooperation and will strengthen agricultural technical cooperation.

10. The DPRK held the 7th Plenary Session of the 8th CPC Central Committee to discuss agricultural issues

The expanded meeting of the 7th plenary meeting of the 8th Central Committee of the Korean Labor Party was held at the headquarters of the Central Committee, chaired by Kim Jong Un, the leader of the DPRK, to discuss agricultural issues.

11. U.S. AND EU, AGRICULTURAL GIANTS WITH FEWER AND FEWER FARMERS

For all their differences, the United States and the European Union share a common experience — the abrupt decline in farm numbers, said the agriculture ministers of the agricultural powerhouses. The transformation of the agriculture sector, more recent in Europe than in the United States, resulted in a relatively small number of large farms that produce the majority of the food and many small farms with little revenue from crops and livestock.

12. WET CONDITIONS CONTINUE IN BRAZIL AS PLANTING WINDOW CLOSES

The last full week of February 2023, week ending on Feb. 25, was another drier than normal week for the major soybean-producing regions of Argentina. According to data from WeatherTrends360, this was the fifth driest final week of February in 30+ years. Drought is affecting soybean supplies in Argentina and as the weeks go by without significant rainfall, the situation grows dire. 

13. Australia Allows Import and Distribution of GM Chrysanthemum

GM chrysanthemum cut flowers are authorized to be sold throughout Australia, but they will not be grown in the country or used in commercial human food and animal feed. The license decision was informed by a Risk Assessment and Risk Management Plan (RARMP) undertaken by the OGTR with inputs from stakeholders nationwide, including consultations with the public, state and territory governments, local councils, Australian Government agencies, the Minister for the Environment, and the Gene Technology Technical Advisory Committee.